Increased urbanization and industrialization and more stringent quality standards for the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) result in increased production volumes of sewage sludge. As direct landfilling of sewage sludge is phasing out and agricultural use is becoming more infrequent, it is expected that the combustion of sewage sludge will become a very important strategy for future sludge management. Knowledge on potential transformation products of ENMs formed during incineration as well as information on their release from ashes will provide vital input to assessment of potential negative impacts on the environment.

 1. Sulfidation

 2.Removal efficiency (incineration)

 

Case studies

Read also

Fate of Ag, ZnO, CuO NPs in managed waste facilities Sulfidation kinetics of CuO NPs Removal of Ag and CeO2 NPs by a pilot WWTP CeO2NP transformation during sewage sludge incineration

Meier, C., Voegelin, A., Pradas del Real, A., Sarret, G., Mueller, C. R., & Kaegi, R. (2016). Transformation of silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge during incineration. Environmental science & technology, 50(7), 3503-3510

Contact

  Ralf Kägi

  EAWAG, Switzerland

  Email: ralf.kaegi@eawag.ch