Soils are exposed to ENMs mostly through deposition of sludge on agricultural land. A range of organisms can be exposed and possibly be affected, including food crops, also giving an entry into the human food chains. ENMs are also applied deliberately to soils, e.g. as zerovalent iron to remediate contaminated soils, as nanofertilizers or as nanopesticides.

1. Sludge deposition 2. Atmospheric dry deposition 3. Homoaggregation 4. Heteroaggregation 5. Surface runoff 6. Air-water interaction 7. Straining 8. Attachment 9. Bioturbation 10. Bio-uptake 11. Spatial distribution 12. Mass transfer

Case studies

Read also

Zerovalent iron                                                                           Nanopesticides

Cornelis G, et al. (2014) Fate and Bioavailability of Engineered Nanoparticles in Soils: A Review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44: 2720–2764. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.829767

Contact

  Geert Cornelis

  Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)

  Email: Geert.cornelis@slu.se