1. ENM stock solutions were diluted with MilliQ water to concentrations of around 50,000 particles mL^-1 which is within the range of detection of the NexION 300D. 
    
2. The particles were analysed for each element and the size was calculated from the spICP-MS results, by converting the volume occupied by each component to an overall volume and size.

Mechanisms & Methods

Used for

Transport efficiency of the instrument was determined using 20 nm, 40 nm, and 80 nm gold nanoparticles from BBi solutions diluted to 50,000 particles per mL by serial dilution in MilliQ water.  NIST gold 1 part per billion (1 ppb which is equivalent to 1 mg/L), 2 ppb and 3 ppb ion standards, and 40 nm and 80 nm Ag ENMs from BBi solutions were used to calibrate the NexION 300D for analysis of each element in the Au@Ag particles. Individual NIST holmium and titanium, 1 ppb, 2 ppb and 3 ppb ion standards from Aristar were used to calibrate the NexION 300D for analysis of each element in the Ho@TiO₂ ENMs. 

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Read also

Core-shell NaHoF₄@TiO₂ NPs: A Labelling Method to Trace Engineered Nanomaterials of Ubiquitous Elements in The Environment. Cui X, Fryer B, Zhou D, Lodge R, Khlobystov A, Valsami-Jones E, Lynch I. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11, 19452-19461. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b03062

Analysis of SiO₂ Nanoparticles in Standard Mode with Single Particle ICP-MS. PerkinElmer Application Note, undated.